Nutrition: The condition all athletes need to know about.

Understanding Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S)

What is RED-S?

Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S) is a syndrome caused by an imbalance between dietary energy intake and the energy expenditure required for health and activities of daily living, growth, and sporting activities. It affects both male and female athletes and has a broad impact on various bodily functions.

Symptoms and Consequences

RED-S can impair:

• Metabolic rate

• Menstrual function in females

• Bone health

• Immune function

• Protein synthesis

• Cardiovascular health

These symptoms result from prolonged low energy availability, which affects overall athletic performance and health.

Why is it Important?

Recognizing and addressing RED-S is crucial for athletes because it not only affects their performance but also their long-term health. Early identification and treatment can prevent severe health issues and promote optimal athletic performance.

Symptoms in Athletes

Athletes experiencing RED-S may exhibit a variety of symptoms, including:

• Fatigue: Persistent tiredness or lack of energy.

• Decreased Performance: Noticeable decline in athletic performance and stamina.

• Frequent Illnesses: Increased susceptibility to colds and other infections.

• Mood Changes: Irritability, depression, or anxiety.

• Menstrual Irregularities: Irregular or absent periods in females.

• Injuries: Higher incidence of stress fractures and other overuse injuries.

• Weight Changes: Unexplained weight loss or difficulty maintaining weight.

Prevention and Management

To prevent and manage RED-S, athletes should:

• Maintain balanced energy intake

• Monitor their health and performance regularly

• Seek medical advice if symptoms appear

Coaches and healthcare providers should be aware of RED-S to provide proper guidance and support for athletes.

By understanding RED-S, athletes can maintain their health and achieve their performance goals safely and sustainably. For more detailed information, refer to the IOC consensus statement.